The low row exercise primarily develops muscles of the back, specifically the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids, and rear deltoids. Supporting muscles engaged include the biceps, brachialis, and forearm muscles. Variations like the inverted row modify the difficulty and target muscle emphasis, focusing on relative strength and engaging core stabilization.
Developing these muscles contributes to improved posture, upper body strength, and overall pulling power. Historically, rowing movements were essential for daily life and survival. Modern fitness routines incorporate the low row to mimic these functional movements, enhancing physical capacity and mitigating potential back problems associated with sedentary lifestyles. A strong back is fundamental for athletic performance in various disciplines, from swimming and climbing to weightlifting and contact sports.